An incremental intrusion detection system using a new semi‐supervised stream classification method

In recent years, the utilization of machine learning and data mining techniques for intrusion detection has received great attention by both security research communities and intrusion detection system (IDS) developers. In intrusion detection, the most important constraints are the imbalanced class distribution, the scarcity of the labeled data, and the massive amounts of network flows. Moreover, because of the dynamic nature of the network flows, applying static learned models degrades the detection performance significantly over time. In this article, we propose a new semi‐supervised stream classification method for intrusion detection, which is capable of incremental updating using limited labeled data. The proposed method, called the incremental semi‐supervised flow network‐based IDS (ISF‐NIDS), relies on an incremental mixed‐data clustering, a new supervised cluster adjustment method, and an instance‐based learning. The ISF‐NIDS operates in real time and learns new intrusions quickly using limited storage and processing power. The experimental results on the KDD99, Moore, and Sperotto benchmark datasets indicate the superiority of the proposed method compared with the existing state‐of‐the‐art incremental IDSs.     

新型隧道钢环安装机的设计与研究

为实现国内隧道施工中钢环安装的机械化操作,设计了一种新型隧道钢环安装机械.详细介绍了钢环安装机的机械原理及机构自由度的计算,最后利用蒙特卡洛法得出了钢环安装机在隧道径向操作的工作空间.经过实际运作,该安装机满足了管片加固中钢环安装的精确度要求,为相关隧道工程施工拓宽了空间.     

Representation of facial expression categories in continuous arousal–valence space: Feature and correlation

Representation of facial expressions using continuous dimensions has shown to be inherently more expressive and psychologically meaningful than using categorized emotions, and thus has gained increasing attention over recent years. Many sub-problems have arisen in this new field that remain only partially understood. A comparison of the regression performance of different texture and geometric features and the investigation of the correlations between continuous dimensional axes and basic categorized emotions are two of these. This paper presents empirical studies addressing these problems, and it reports results from an evaluation of different methods for detecting spontaneous facial expressions within the arousal–valence (AV) dimensional space. The evaluation compares the performance of texture features (SIFT, Gabor, LBP) against geometric features (FAP-based distances), and the fusion of the two. It also compares the prediction of arousal and valence, obtained using the best fusion method, to the corresponding ground truths. Spatial distribution, shift, similarity, and correlation are considered for the six basic categorized emotions (i.e. anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise). Using the NVIE database, results show that the fusion of LBP and FAP features performs the best. The results from the NVIE and FEEDTUM databases reveal novel findings about the correlations of arousal and valence dimensions to each of six basic emotion categories.     

Simplified supervised i-vector modeling with application to robust and efficient language identification and speaker verification

This paper presents a simplified and supervised i-vector modeling approach with applications to robust and efficient language identification and speaker verification. First, by concatenating the label vector and the linear regression matrix at the end of the mean supervector and the i-vector factor loading matrix, respectively, the traditional i-vectors are extended to label-regularized supervised i-vectors. These supervised i-vectors are optimized to not only reconstruct the mean supervectors well but also minimize the mean square error between the original and the reconstructed label vectors to make the supervised i-vectors become more discriminative in terms of the label information. Second, factor analysis (FA) is performed on the pre-normalized centered GMM first order statistics supervector to ensure each gaussian component's statistics sub-vector is treated equally in the FA, which reduces the computational cost by a factor of 25 in the simplified i-vector framework. Third, since the entire matrix inversion term in the simplified i-vector extraction only depends on one single variable (total frame number), we make a global table of the resulting matrices against the frame numbers’ log values. Using this lookup table, each utterance's simplified i-vector extraction is further sped up by a factor of 4 and suffers only a small quantization error. Finally, the simplified version of the supervised i-vector modeling is proposed to enhance both the robustness and efficiency. The proposed methods are evaluated on the DARPA RATS dev2 task, the NIST LRE 2007 general task and the NIST SRE 2010 female condition 5 task for noisy channel language identification, clean channel language identification and clean channel speaker verification, respectively. For language identification on the DARPA RATS, the simplified supervised i-vector modeling achieved 2%, 16%, and 7% relative equal error rate (EER) reduction on three different feature sets and sped up by a factor of more than 100 against the baseline i-vector method for the 120 s task. Similar results were observed on the NIST LRE 2007 30 s task with 7% relative average cost reduction. Results also show that the use of Gammatone frequency cepstral coefficients, Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients and spectro-temporal Gabor features in conjunction with shifted-delta-cepstral features improves the overall language identification performance significantly. For speaker verification, the proposed supervised i-vector approach outperforms the i-vector baseline by relatively 12% and 7% in terms of EER and norm old minDCF values, respectively.     

Active fault‐tolerant control for near space vehicles based on reference model adaptive sliding mode scheme

In this paper, an adaptive sliding mode (ASM) scheme is proposed for fault identification and fault‐tolerant control of near space vehicles (NSVs). First, the attitude dynamic model is introduced, and a baseline controller based on reference sliding mode scheme is designed in the case of no faults. Then fault parameterizations with actuator dynamics is presented for several classes of faults: lock‐in‐place, float, hard‐over, and loss of effectiveness. On the basis of adaptive observer design, fault parameters can be accurately estimated on‐line. Furthermore, an ASM fault‐tolerant controller is designed for both cases of actuator dynamic faults and control effector damage. Finally, simulation experiments show that the proposed ASM scheme is able to quickly and accurately identify faults and reconfigure the controller, resulting in excellent overall system performance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同场地条件下钢筋混凝土框架结构的地震反应分析

从"5.12"汶川强震记录中挑选出四川省自贡地形台阵8个台站和宝兴县2个台站的加速度记录,进行了不同场地条件下的地震波频谱特性分析,比较了复杂场地地形条件下的地震动差异。以某钢筋混凝土框架结构教学楼为工程背景,利用ANSYS软件建立教学楼结构的有限元模型,进行了结构动力特性分析;在此基础上,以10条不同场地条件下的地震动时程按照规范调幅后作为输入,对这一钢筋混凝土框架结构进行了地震反应分析,探讨了不同场地条件下结构地震反应的差异。结果表明:自贡地形台阵随着测站高程的增加,地震动幅值递增明显;与基岩地震波的频带分布相比较,土层地震波的频带主要集中在较低频段,土层的高频滤波效应明显;场地条件对结构地震反应的影响较为明显,高程最大的地震波作用下结构的最大剪力响应增大明显。     

A comprehensive model of colour appearance for related and unrelated colours of varying size viewed under mesopic to photopic conditions

CIE has recommended two previous appearance models, CIECAM97s and CIECAM02. However, these models are unable to predict the appearance of a comprehensive range of colours. The purpose of this study is to describe a new, comprehensive colour appearance model, which can be used to predict the appearance of colours under various viewing conditions that include a range of stimulus sizes, levels of illumination that range from scotopic through to photopic, and related and unrelated stimuli. In addition, the model has a uniform colour space that provides a colour‐difference formula in terms of colour appearance parameters. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 293–304, 2017     

Data-driven design of monitoring and diagnosis systems for dynamic processes: A review of subspace technique based schemes and some recent results

In this paper, the development of data-driven design of process monitoring and fault diagnosis (PM-FD) systems is reviewed and some recent results are presented. A major objective of this work is to sketch a process input–output data based framework of designing PM-FD systems for dynamic processes. The main focus of our study is on the data-driven design of observer-based PM-FD systems, which are, thanks to their high robustness and real-time ability, suitable for industrial applications.     

An ergonomic study of visual optimization by light color managements

Light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) have the advantage of controllable light colors and provide the optimal lighting quality against various color attributes required in different environments. However, from the humanized design point of view, beside satisfying physical demands of people, it is also important to achieve satisfaction. With a good match between the LED lighting equipment and ambient colors, the space imagery that complies with psychological needs of human beings can be found. This is expected to become a new market direction for future lighting. In this study, the LED light source feature of adjustable correlated color temperature is used to match wall colors of typical commercial spaces and for the investigation and analysis of the impact of colors of light sources and environments on human beings. The measures of mental and subjective feelings of a group of people under various circumstances have also been investigated. Multivariate analysis of variance has been conducted on three color temperatures of light sources, six wall colors, and measures of five emotion adjectives, and the correlation between these three variables has been further investigated. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 72–84, 2016     

“太空人参酵母”在化妆品中潜在应用研究

通过体外细胞平台,从多角度对应用太空育种技术和现代发酵技术而获得的"太空人参酵母"提取物进行功效验证,为其在化妆品中的应用提供理论依据和科学指导。结果揭示"太空人参酵母"可以明显促进人原代角质细胞的增殖能力、克隆形成能力及划痕修复能力,并且可以促进基底层基底源生蛋白(Perlecan)的表达;此外"太空人参酵母"还有助于重离子辐照后的人原代成纤维细胞恢复细胞形态,恢复基底源生蛋白、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白表达的能力。以上结果表明,"太空人参酵母"具有提高细胞再生能力的活性,具有应用于促肌肤再生类化妆品的潜力。